TEFL BIG QUIZ

TPR is usually used in the face-to-face classroom, but now with the development of technology, we can use it on computer. There’re the benefits and the shortage between those two:

1. The teacher cannot see whether their student understand which is usually do through TPR class interaction.

2. TPR-on-a-computer is good enough for the individual learners. But, it still has weakness in case to teach the real beginners because they have to understand the tutorial without any capability to ask a question or ask the computer to repeat the explanation slowly.

Language instruction should focus on the learner's listening comprehension in the early stages of acquisition, while delaying oral production until the learner is more familiar with the new language. Comprehensible input through computer allows teacher to add multisensory elements, text, sound, pictures, video, and animation, which provide meaningful contexts to facilitate comprehension. Also, allow learners to hear the available input as many times as needed until they feel they understand it.

CALL programs always provide comprehensible input, particularly in listening because the computer learners also provided by all of that facilities such as sound, video, and animation. For their listening skills, CALL programs are very helpful because the learners could hear the sound as much as needed until they understand.

Based on our language learning experience with CALL software/website, we find pros and cons of multimedia CALL:

1. What we like is, the facilitate focused development of English language skill

- From our experience, when we use CALL website, we found that it provides many alternative for learners. For example, online dictionary which provide the translation and also the sound (how to pronounce the word)

2. What we don't like is, it provides interaction, communicative activities, and real audience

- From our experience, the interaction or communication on CALL website doesn't seem real. Like when we do an online test (like TOEFL) and we just type the answers, in the end of the test, we might find the score or result without knowing whether it is right or wrong.

There are some search engines which we use more frequently i.e. Google, Yahoo, and MSN. We choose Google as one of our most use search engine, because it is quite popular and easy to access, we also can find many references from it such as Google special features which is G+, Google images, Google scholar, Google map and so on and so forth.

Eventually, we certainly also found some problems which are the website doesn't exist anymore and we found a warning web page—page not found such as '404 not found' or sometimes our country can't access or doesn’t support some features on some websites, so it won't show up. Recently, the problem also come from the internet server connection, such as timeout while opening several websites, it is annoying. Though.

I’ve experienced using CALL for doing grammar excersices when I was in a Senior High School and after doing the exercise I got my score without knowing the right answer or which number that I did wrong, so, I still don’t understand how to do grammar exercise.

Melody and Alvina

TEFL May 19, 2014

1. TPR is usually used in the face-to-face classroom. Is there anything missing when TPR is used on a computer?

Yes, there's a missing part when TPR used on a computer. The teacher can't see their students understanding in action and there's no feedback when it used on a computer.

2. Please read the program descriptions of "Live Action English Interactive" and "Live Action Spanish Interactive" and a review of the Spanish one. Both programs use the principles of TPR to design for beginning and intermediate adult learners. However, TPR is usually used to teach languages to younger learners. Do you think "TPR-on-a-computer" is good for adults to learn languages? Why or why not?

For Melody and I, this kind of TPR-on-a-computer is good enough for the individual learners. But, it still has weakness in case to teach the real beginners because they have to understand the tutorial without any ability to ask a question or ask the computer to repeat the explanation slowly.

TEFL MAY 5, 2014

1. Is it really good for L2 learners to delay their oral production?

Language instruction should focus on the learner's listening comprehension in the early stages of acquisition, while delaying oral production until the learner was more familiar with the new language.

2. Does the natural approach attend to learners' output? Can comprehensible input alone lead to learners' comprehensible output?

The natural approach, developed by Krashen and Terrell (1983), focuses on comprehensible input and the optimum affective state of the learner.

No, because comprehensible input through computers allow teachers to add multisensory elements, text, sound, pictures, video, and animation, which provide meaningful contexts to facilitate comprehension. Also, allow learners to hear the available input as many times as needed until they feel they understand it.

3. According to your language learning experience with computers, do you think those CALL programs always provide comprehensible input, particularly in listening?

Yes, through the computer learners can get all of that facilities such as sound, video, and animation.

4. Do you think the feedback from the computer is sufficient for language learners to develop their listening skills ?

For their listening skills CALL programs are very helpful because the learners could hear the sound as much as needed until they understand.

TEFL CLASS APRIL 7, 2014

1. Based on your language learning experience with CALL software/website, please discuss pros and cons of multimedia CALL with your group members. Think about what you like and what you do not like when using CALL software/website to learn English or other languages. Then come up with a list and examples.

What we like is :

facilitate focused development of English language skill

- From our experience, when we use CALL website we found that it providing alternatives to learners. For example like online dictionary which provide the translation and also the sound (how to pronunce the word)

What we don't like :

provide interaction, communicative activities, and real audience

- From our experience, the interaction or communication on CALL website doesn't seem real. Like when we do an onlin test (like TOEFL) we just type the answer and at last we found the score without knowing whether the answer right / wrong.

2. Many multimedia CALL software packages claim their high level of interactivity. What does "interactivity" mean to you? Do you think they are truly interactive? Please give some examples to explain your opinion.

Well, we don't think so. It is because, however when we use CALL software it's still not real, where we are communicate with a thing that can't be like human being.

Example :

Last time we visit some website which discuss about phonetic script and this website is nearly interavtive and next we found that this website doesn't give further explanation like class courses (in class the teacher will explain more clearly than website do)

3. In the first article you read about "Some Pros and Cons" (ICT4LT Module2.2), the author, Davies, writes, "There is a danger, however, of relying too much on the computer's ability to process the learner's input" and then he cites Levy's (1998) words to support this point: "Where the student is generally working alone without the teacher, the computer has to reliably give the student the right kind of guidance and advice every time the program is used; there is no second wave of feedback that can come with a teacher's presence to act as backup. [...] The success, therefore, of the computer in the tutorial role, hinges on how reliably the program manages the student's learning and on how timely, accurate and appropriate is the feedback, help and advice given." (Levy 1998:90) Do you agree with this point? Discuss this issue with your group members. Can you further elaborate this "danger" with examples?

We completely disagree, why? it is because when we learn in class the teacher will explain more clearly and also give feedback which will help us to develop our learning.

Whereas in online website or software, we learn but it will be more effective if we learn in a real condition.

4.Davies also points out that many designers of CALL-based programs were "more interested in control rather than guidance". Do you agree? Can you give some examples to support or refute this points?

Yes we are agree. it is because we can just join the test without being punished whether we open a dictionary, another website or another sources whict refers to cheating.

For example, when we are doing TOEFL test online we are able to open dictionary (online or not) and also open some references in another website.

5. At the end of this section, Davies makes a final comment on multimedia CALL: "Technology is racing ahead of pedagogy and, unfortunately, often driving the pedagogy. Above all, there is a need for further research into how language students learn. We still know relatively little about the learning process, but what little we know is often disregarded by multimedia developers." Based on your own learning experience with CALL software, did you find some that involve a high level of technology but provide little help to language learning? Or did you find some that involve simple technology but are really helpful to language learning?

Yes, we found a simple technology and helpful which is google translate. From time to time, google translate provide some new feature and keep improve its performance (like vocabulary). Also, this website help us to know how to pronunce a words.

Alvina Yohana S. (211210003)

Margaretha G. Melody (211210021)

TEFL CLASS March 24th, 2014

1. Please list THREE search engines your group members use more frequently. Compare the three search engines and choose your favorite one and explain why this one is the best.

Google, Yahoo, and MSN.

Google : Google possesses one of the most globally recognized brands in the world, and brand loyalty is strong

Yahoo : A large, unique search engine database

MSN : MSN is more spesific than another search engine

For us, the best search engine is google. Why? it's because Google is more popular and easy to access and with one click we can find so many reference.

2. What difference does it make when you enter keywords or phrases in quotes (e.g., "computer assisted language learning") in your web search?

Google doesn't use such a keyword in quotes, so we think it doesn't work if we use such a thing in google engine.

3. If you put the word "OR" between words/phrases in your web search, what does it mean?

Google usually show more reference through the content. 4. You can also use these signs " + ", " - ", and " ~ " in your web search. What function does each sign have? Please give examples. (Be sure to include a space before a sign, but no space after a sign. e.g., movie -video)

If we use (+) before the word, the search engine will show a specific content about the keywords, if we use (~) then the search engine will show a reference that related to the keywords, if we use (-) it'll not show anything.

5. There are different domain types in websites' URLs. What do these domain types mean? .com .edu .gov .org .net .mil

.com = Computer output on microfilm or microfiche

.edu = Top level domain for education

.gov = Top level domain for governments

.org = Top level domain for non-profit organizations

.net = for network infrastructure

.mil = Top level domain for the military

6. If you want to find images or sound files on the Web, what should you do?

We'll put a keywords such as .mp3 or .mp4 after the first keyword (usually it's the title) and if we want to search for images, then we'll click 'google images' and put the keywords there.

7. In addition to providing easy access to billions of web pages, many search engines also provide a number of special features to help people find what they want more efficiently. Please find what special features those search engines have and choose THREE features that you like the most each engine offers.

Google special features = Google images, google scholar, and google map

Yahoo = yahoomail, yahoo messenger and yahoo answer

MSN = bing, outlook and skype

8. What web search problems have you encountered before? Please share some with your group members and see if you can find solutions now. Each group needs to report at least two common problems and your solutions (if you have found them).

- the website doesn't exist anymore and we found a warning such as '404 not found'

- sometimes our country can't access some website, so it won't show up

Solution : We will look up to another reference.

By : Alvina and Melody

Search Engines

What Is the Function of Search Engines?

- Search engines help in searching and matching of documents in the system. Searching the inverted file for documents that meet the query requirements, referred to simply as matching, is typically a standard binary search, no matter whether the search ends after the first two, five, or all seven steps of query processing.

- Search engines are necessary for locating, sorting, storing and ranking the value of that information on the web. Popular search engines like Google, Yahoo and Bing find relevant information and present it to users. In order to efficiently find a specific bit of data, it’s important for you to know the four main functions of the search engines.

TEFL CLASS (March 17th, 2014)

- Browser : A browser is a program used to browse the web. Some common browsers include Netscape, MSIE (Microsoft Internet Explorer), Safari, Lynx, Mosaic, Amaya, Arena, Chimera, Opera, Cyberdog, HotJava, etc.

- Frame : Frames' are pages that are displayed within an HTML page. Frames behave like a separate window with their own menus, scroll bars, and content. Frames let you keep your logo and menu for example fixed on the screen while simultaneously displaying another page, even somebody else's website, inside your web site.

- Server : A file or value of an environmental variable, that is included in an HTML document, so that information such as last date modified, file size, author etc. can be automatically included.

- Plug-in : A plug-in is a piece of software designed not to run on its own but rather work in cooperation with a separate application to increase that application's abilities.

- Applet : A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems, printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network. The common rule is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer from which the applet was sent.

- Cookie : A cookie is a small file that a web page on another machine writes to your personal machine's disk to store various bits of information. Many people strongly detest cookies and the whole idea of them, and most browsers allow the reception of cookies to be disabled or at least selectively disabled, but it should be noted that both Netscape and MSIE have silent cookie reception enabled by default. Sites that maintain shopping carts or remember a reader's last position have legitimate uses for cookies. Sites without such functionality that still spew cookies with distant (or worse, non-existent) expiration dates should perhaps be treated with a little caution.

- Telnet : The command and program used to login from one Internet siteto another. The telnet command/program gets you to the login: prompt of another host.

- Netiquette : The established conventions of online politeness are called netiquette. Some conventions vary from site to site or online medium to online medium; others are pretty standard everywhere. Newbies are often unfamiliar with the conventional rules of netiquette and sometimes embarrass themselves accordingly. Be sure not to send that incredibly important e-mail message before reading about netiquette.

- Navigation button : either text links or GIF graphics which the reader can click to move around in your publication. WordToWeb can automatically insert navigation buttons into your HTML pages.

- Hypertext : Generally, any text that contains links to other documents - words or phrases in the document that can be chosen by a reader and which cause another document to be retrieved and displayed.

- Pull-down menu : In computing and telecommunications, a menu is a list of options or commands presented to an operator by a computer or communications system.

- Pop-up window : Pop-up ads or pop-ups are often forms of online advertising on the World Wide Web intended to attract web traffic or capture email addresses.

- Scroll : a roll of parchment or paper for writing or painting on. If it's verb : move displayed text or graphics in a particular direction on a computer screen in order to view different parts of them.

- Search engine : Search engines are the websites that send out spiders to collect data from the internet so that sites, information and content can be found easily using a search query. Examples of such search engines are Alta Vista, Excite, Google and MSN Search. There are many search engines on the internet.

- Domain name : the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain.

- Spam : irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of recipients.

- WWW : Long for WWW, a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a script called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files. This means you can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots. Not all Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web.

- HTML : Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.

- HTTP : The hypertext transfer protocol is the native protocol of browsers and is most typically used to transfer HTML formatted files. The secure version is called "https".

- URL : A uniform resource locator is basically just an address for a file that can be given to a browser. It starts with a protocol type (such as http, ftp, or gopher) and is followed by a colon, machine name, and file name in UNIX style. Optionally an octothorpe character "#" and and arguments will follow the file name; this can be used to further define position within a page and perform a few other tricks. Similar to but less general than a URI. The exact distinction is beyond the scope of this document.

- FTP : A very common method of moving files between two Internet sites. FTP is a way to login to another Internet site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files. There are many Internet sites that have established publicly accessible repositories of material that can be obtained using FTP, by logging in using the account name "anonymous", thus these sites are called "anonymous ftp servers". FTP was invented and in wide use long before the advent of the World Wide Web and originally was always used from a text-only interface.

- ISP : An Internet service provider is a company that provides Internet support for other entities. AOL (America Online) is a well-known ISP.

- TCP / IP : (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) This is the suiteof protocols that defines the Internet. Originally designed for the UNIX operating system, TCP/IP software is now included with every major kind of computer operating system. To be truly on the Internet, your computer must have TCP/IP software.

- BBS : A bulletin board system is a computer that can be directly connected to via modem and provides various services like e-mail, chatting, newsgroups, and file downloading. BBSs have waned in popularity as more and more people are instead connecting to the Internet, but they are still used for product support and local area access. Most current BBSs provide some sort of gateway connection to the Internet.

- LAN : A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building.

- WAN : Any internet or network that covers an area larger than a single building or campus.

- PDF : a file format that provides an electronic image of text or text and graphics that looks like a printed document and can be viewed, printed, and electronically transmitted.

- GIF : GIF images are some of the only forms of pictures that can be used on the internet, and the only ones that can be animated for use in banners, etc.

- JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group, or JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image files. JPEG format is preferred to the GIF format for photographic images as opposed to line art or simple logo art.

- MIDI : short for midiskirt, a skirt that ends at the middle of the calf.

- CGI : A set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates with another piece of software on the same machine, and how the other piece of software (the ?CGI program?) talks to the web server. Any piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI standard.

- IRC : Internet relay chat is a means of chatting over the Internet in real-time. It allows both open group discussions and private conversations. IRC programs are provided by many different companies and will work on many different platforms. AOL's Instant Messenger utilizes a separate incompatible protocol but is otherwise very similar.